Method of duplicating forms.



PATENTED APR. 23, 1907.

G. LYANDERMAN. METHOD OF DUPLIGATING FORMS.

APPLIOA'IIION I'ILED MAB. 30, 1906. v

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PATENTED APR. 23, 1907.

G. L. ANDERMAN.

- METHOD OF DUPLIGATING FORMS.

APPLICATION TILED MAR. 30, 1906.

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O o o o o O n a O0 lElIE W DEESEE: W #6 @MM GOLDIE L. ANDERMAN,

OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

METHOD OF DUPLICATING FORMS.

Specification f Letters Patent.

Patented April 23, 1907.

Application filed March 30, 1906. Serial No. 308,846.

;nois, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Methods of Duplicating Forms, of which the following is a full, clear,

concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this s ecification.

My invention re ates to a system or method of duplicating with precision and accuracy an irregularly-shaped form having curvilinear characteristics.

I have used my invention with particularly satisfactory results in duplicating a figure of a person. In order to make nicely fitting garments, particularly for women, and in order to save the woman for whom garments are bein made from the annoyance and fatigue of repeated fittings in person, it is be coming increasingly popular to have made of any suitable material a duplicate of the form or figure from the neck to the upper part of the thighs. An artificial model when made to conform exactly to the outlines and proportions of a given persons body, can be used by a dressmaker in drafting patterns and fitting a garment during the process of making, and the completed garment will fit the erson for whom intended if it will fit the artificial model of that persons figure.

My invention is of decided utility in making such artificial models as will accurately duplicate the form or figure of a woman.

Myinvention will be readily understood by .reference to the following drawings in which Figure 1 illustrates in dotted outlines the i torso of a woman whose figure is to be duplicated in artificial model; this figure illustrating also the method of application of device used in carrying out the method of my invention; Fig. 2 is a similar View showing the further use of the required appliances; Fig. 3 illustrates an artificial model of the figure indicated in Figs. 1 and 2, the artificial model having in place upon it certain of the appliances used in accordance with my invention; Fig. 4 illustrates the completed model with these appliances removed and in condition for use in fitting garments as above suggested; and Fig. 5 illustrates a detail of the apparatus employed in carrying out my invention.

The method of form duplication may be carried out as follows:

The person to be duplicated and whose body is indicated at a is required to stand in a natural position. A strap Z) of any suitable flexible but nonelastic material, such as leather or a woven fabric, like tape, is adjusted to the neck; a second strap 0 is attached in any suitable manner, for instance by means of a pin, to the strap 1) and this strap 0 is extended down the front of the figure to be duplicated. At the waist another strap (Z is adjusted, as indicated, and the strap 0 is attached to this by means of a pin or in any other suitable manner. Other straps, such as c are run outward along the top of the shoulders from the neckband b. Other straps, such as f are attached to these shoulder straps e, c, andrun downwardly from the chest to the waistband (Z. Another strap, as, for instance, 9 is fastened tightly to the hips. Fig. 1 illustrates these straps in position and others fastened to the frontal strap 0 ready to be connected and fastened at other points to the straps already in place. Fig. 2 indicates the figure to be measured after a suliicient number of straps have been adjusted into position and properly fastened together. This figure indicates cross straps h and 71/ extending across the chest, the strap 7L running underneath the arm pits and the two ends being fastened together near the middle of the back. Another strap i extends entirely around the figure on a level with the bust. Other straps, such as and 7c may be extended around the figure between the strap 7) and the waist strap (Z. Other straps, such, for instance, as the strap Z, may be extended around the hips at suitable places. A series of straps m, m, m m and m extend downwardly from the Waistband (Z and are connected at the points of intersection with the hip straps g and Z. Another strap a is run from a point under the arm pits, where it connects with the strap h, downwardly to the waistband (Z. The back of the figure, as well as the front, is encompassed in straps of like nature, run vertically and horizontally at various points which wi 1 suggest themselves to the operator. In ad dition to this series of straps which form a series of quadrilaterals covering the body of sirable to run a greater or less number of the person to be duplicated, I also find it de- I which is run from the intersection of the shoulder strap 6 with the neckband b to the intersection of the chest strap h with the strap f, and this diagonal strap may, if desired, be continued downward, and as inclicated in 2, fastened to other straps wherever it may intersect them. I have indicated also another diagonal place strap p running from the intersection of the shoulder strap a with a vertical strap g to the intersection of the straps h and f and to the frontal strap 0. These diagonally run straps form with the vertical and horizontal straps a greater or less number of triangular combinations. In adjusting these straps to the body it is desirable arrange them in such a manner that those straps which encompass the body may be opened in a given location, as, for instance, down the center of the back, whereupon the entire harness may be removed from the figure without affecting or changing in any way the attachment of the straps one to another. The points at which the harness is unfastened are marked in suitable manner, as, for instance, by a piece of chalk, so that after removal from the body of the person whose figure is to be duplicated, the straps may be again fastened together at the same points, so that the harness will form a skeleton outline, which, if nicely filled by the artificial model, will indicate that the model duplicates with accuracy the figure to which the harness was originally fitted. The diagonal straps to which attention has been called, are particularly serviceable in bracing the quadrilaterals so that they can readily be made to assume exactly the same position as that which they occupied when in place upon the body.

After the harness has been removedfrom the body it may be used in any suitable manner for duplicating in workable material the form to which it will have been applied. A preferred method is as follows: A suitable block of modeling clay is moulded roughly to shape, the mass of clay, however, being formed in the first place to a size somewhat larger than that of the figure to be dupli cated. Upon forming a neck upon this 'model in clay, the neckband b may be adjusted in position, the clay being removed or added to as may be required to fill out the band as it was filled when adjusted to the person whose figure is to be duplicated. The chest straps are then drawn tightly around the mass of clay and the excess is removed wherever it may be forced through between the network of straps. If I find that the clay model requires filling out in any place in order that the harness may fit accurately, I add additional clay. This modeling process is carried on in a manner understood by those skilled in the art until the clay model exactly fits the harness, which, of course, retains indefinitely the outline of the figure to which it has been applied. Unless the harness when applied to the clay model falls into the same position as that which it occupied upon the body to which it was fitted, the straps will indicate by their looseness or unevenness the points at which the model must be changed in order to make it conform to the body from which the harness has been removed. The diagonal straps to which attention has already been called, are particularly serviceable in this connection, for while a quadrilateral may be somewhat altered in shape without changing the lengths of the four sides, three lines of given length can be made to form the sides of a triangle of a particular shape only.

The clay model when it dries may be used for the purpose mentioned, if so desired, or the clay model may be covered with a thin layer of plastic material, such as papier mache, and when this is dry the clay may be removed from the interior, or the clay model may be used as a pattern for a moulding process in plaster paris or other material, whereby the pattern may be duplicated in papier mache or various other materials in a multitude of ways which will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art.

In Fig. 3 I have indicated a clay model which has been moulded in the manner indicated by the application of the series of strips taken from the body, and it will be noted that the harness fits this clay model in exactly the same way as that in which it was fitted to the body after being fastened together.

Fig. 4. illustrates a papier mache casting formed with the use of the clay model as a pattern.

In Fig. 5 I have indicated two intersecting straps of a kind which I have found it desir able to use in carrying out my invention. As indicated in the drawing, they are perforated with a series of holes a short distance, as, for instance, a quarter of an inch apart, and in applying these straps to the figure I insert small collar buttons through the adj acent holes in intersecting straps. The holes are of such size that after forcibly inserting a collar button it will not readily slip out of place.

WVhile I have herein described and illustrated, so far as possible, the method of my invention and the means for carrying it into effect, I do not wish to be uuderstood as limiting myself to the precise details herein set forth, but

Having disclosed my invention I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. The method of form duplication which consists in laying smoothly upon the figure a series of flexible but inelastic straps, fastening these straps together at their points of intersection, certain of said straps being arranged to form triangles, removing the har-' ness thus formed from the figure, drawing the harness tightly over a roughly molded mass of plastic material, removing the excess of plastic material wherever it may be forced through between the network of straps, and removing the harness from the model.

2. The method of form duplication which consists in laying smoothly upon the figure a series of flexible but inelastic straps, fastening these straps together at their points of intersection, certain of said straps being arranged to form triangles, opening the harness thus formed sufficiently for removal from the figure, removing the harness from the figiu'e,

drawing the harness tightly over a roughly molded mass of plastic material, removing the excess of plastic material wherever it may be forced through between the network of straps, removing the harness from the model, and forming with said model a registering shell of papier mache.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 28th day of March A. D., 1906.

GOLDIE L. ANDERMAN. WVitnesses:

CHARLES J. SCHMIDT, ARTHUR H. BOETTOIIER. 

